So far you learnt how a vowel is combined with a consonant.

Some words in Hindi have two consonant combined- the first consonant is written incompletely and joined with the 2nd consonant.

Example: If two k are combined:

k+k=@k

Another way of joining the two consonants is to add a stroke under the first letter.

k\k

Both are correct but keep in mind the first method since that is the common one.

There are two kind of consonant in Hindi:

1. have a vertical line in the end like:

k   K   ga   Ga   ca   ja   Ja   Ha   Na   t   
qa   Qa   na    p   f   ba   Ba   ma   ya   la   
va   Sa   Ya   sa    xa   ~   & 

2. those which don't have a vertical line:

C   T    z    D   Z    d   r    h 

When in a conjunct consonant the first letter has a vertical line, then you drop the vertical line in the first letter. For example:

ga + va = gva

ca + C = cC

And so on---

k and Ja have a vertical line but they have a hook at the end, when combining them with another consonanat, the hook is left midway so that it may be joined with the second letter.

k + k = @k

k + va = @va

Ja + Ja = Ja 

T; z; D and d can't be combined in either way. They are,
therefore, joined to another consonant by adding a 
stroke under the first letter:

T + T = T\T Also it can be written as

T + z = T\z Also it can be written as

And so on---

Joining r to another consonant has a different forms:

kma-	karma	act, action
क्रम	krama	order, sequence
kRpa		kindness

In the first example, karma, ra comes before the last letter ma, and appears in the form of a hook( - ) on the top of the letter which follows it.

In the second example, krama, ra is joined to the first consonant ka, and is in the form of a stroke ( `) under it.

In the 3rd example, , ra and i are joined to ka. If ra is combined with i in a conjunct, it is symbolised as R added under the consonant to which it is joined.

Bharat-Darshan

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Mobile: 021 171 3934

E-mail: hinditeacher@bharatdarshan.co.nz